Convert currencies and estimate bank fees vs interbank mid-market rate.
Cards like Scotiabank Passport Visa, Chase Sapphire, or Wise give near-interbank rates. Pay in local currency (decline DCC offers).
Near-interbank rates with small transparent fees. Best for large transfers or frequent travel.
Spreads of 8–12%. Avoid entirely. Even ATMs with 2–3% fees are far better than airport exchange.
Typically 2–3% spread plus $10–$25 fixed fee. For large amounts, compare wire to Wise or Knightsbridge FX.